Thyroid disorders are conditions that affect the thyroid, a butterfly-shaped gland located at the bottom of the neck. The thyroid has an important role in the regulation of numerous metabolic processes of the body. Different types of disorders can affect the structure or function of the thyroid.
A thin area of tissue within the gland, known as the isthmus joins the two lobes of thyroid on each side. The thyroid uses iodine to produce vital hormones, and the main ones are thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones are responsible for our basal metabolism, or is it that stimulates the cells to work and ensures that everything works properly in the body.
The function of the thyroid gland is regulated by a mechanism of self control that surrounds the brain. When the thyroid hormone levels are low, the hypothalamus in the brain produces a hormone known as releasing thyrotropin (TRH) which causes the pituitary gland (located at the base of the brain) release the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).
Thyroid disorders occur when this gland stops working properly, can produce more or less hormones than normal. Since the thyroid gland is controlled by the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus of these disorders in these tissues may also affect thyroid function.
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